Rice Variety Profile for M-105
RES Rice Varieties
Variety: M-105
- Former ID: 05Y471
- Year: 2011
Introduction
M-105 is a very early to early maturing, semi dwarf, smooth hulled, Calrose quality medium-grain cultivar. It was developed by the California Cooperative Rice Research Foundation, Inc. (CCRRF) at the Rice Experiment Station (RES), Biggs, CA and released to growers in April 2011. Protection and registration of M-105 is being sought under the US Plant Protection Act as well as an US Plant Utility Patent, and registration with the Crop Science Society of America.
Pedigree and Breeding
M-105 is a very early selection with parentage from S-103, M-204, M-104 and closely related to M-206, currently the predominant medium-grain cultivar in California. A primary breeding objective in this cross was to recover the high stable milling yield found in M-206 in a very early maturing rice.
Agronomic Characteristics
M-105 seedling vigor, based on seedling vigor scores is slightly below M-206. No marked difference in M-105 tolerance/susceptibility to standard rice herbicides from the parent varieties has been observed. M-105 maturity as measured at days to 50% heading averages about 3 days later or earlier than M-104 and M-206, respectively. M-105 does dry down more slowly than M-104, and similar to M-206. This trait is probably a factor in providing high stable head rice yields. Lodging is a highly variable trait to measure, but testing suggests M-105 may be more resistant to lodging than M-104. UC Statewide 2006-10 plot yields in very early tests averaged 9130, 9250, and 9460 lbs/acre for M-104, M-105, and M-206, respectively; and in early tests 9560 and 9610 lbs/acre for M-105 and M-206, respectively.
All three varieties have similar disease reaction with M-104 being slightly more sensitive. M-206 showed less sensitivity to Bakanae disease. Growers are still recommended to bleach treat seed for Bakanae. M-105 is susceptible to the race of blast disease found in California. Experience indicates the M-105 and M-104 are more susceptible to blast than M-206, however the field resistance of M-105 is not known.
Performance in Colder Areas
M-105 has shown greater yield than M-104 except in the very cold San Joaquin county location, but yields less than M-206 except in the very cold San Joaquin county location. Yield potential would be M-206>M-105>M-104. In terms of resistance to cold temperature induced blanking, M-105 would be below the very tolerant M-104 but at least equal to M-206 based on greenhouse tests and cool temperature nursery observations.
Milling and Quality
By far the greatest attribute observed in testing 05-Y-471 (M-105) was its head rice milling yield and stability that represents a very significant improvement over M-104 and equivalent to M-206. Although M-105 has given very high stable milling yields, as the harvest moisture falls below 18% head rice yield can decline rapidly. Combining the head rice stability with early maturity was a primary breeding objective in developing this variety.
Physicochemical tests fit the Calrose US medium grain type. Evaluation by California marketing organization indicated M-105 was acceptable for the Calrose market. Kernels are slightly shorter and a slightly lower kernel weight. M-105 would be acceptable for comingling for drying and storage with other Calrose varieties.
